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James Edward Oglethorpe, 16961785 (aged 88 years)

Name
James Edward /Oglethorpe/
Surname
Oglethorpe
Given names
James Edward
Family with parents
father
mother
elder sister
3 years
elder brother
13 months
elder sister
16831725
Birth: 29 January 1683 33 22 Godalming, Surrey, England
Death: 1725
8 years
elder brother
7 years
elder brother
1 year
elder brother
1 year
elder sister
1 year
elder sister
1 year
elder sister
1 year
himself
16961785
Birth: 22 December 1696 46 35 Godalming, Surrey, England
Death: 30 June 1785Cranham Hall, Essex, England
Family with Elizabeth Wright
himself
16961785
Birth: 22 December 1696 46 35 Godalming, Surrey, England
Death: 30 June 1785Cranham Hall, Essex, England
wife
17101787
Birth: about 1710
Death: 1787Cranham Hall, Essex, England
Marriage Marriage15 September 1744King Henry VII Chapel, Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England
Note

When he was a boy, James Edward Oglethorpe's oldest brother an
d father
wentoff to fight in Queen Anne's War (War of Spanish Succession
,
1702-1714), neverto return. James, seventh of nine children i
n a large,
wealthy family, beganto prepare for a military career at an earl
y age.
This was a turbulent timein the history of England and, in fact
, the
entire continent of Europe. Thelessons learned by young Ogletho
rpe and
the people he met would play an activeroll in shaping the man an
d the
colony of Georgia.
Enrolled at Oxford, hereceived a commission as ensign at the ag
e of 16.
After serving a short timeas aid-de-camp for the English ambassa
dor to
Sicily and other Italian States,he returned to England in 1716 a
nd was
appointed Lt. Captain of the Queen'sGuard on the recommendatio
n of Lords
Argyle and Marlborough. These two menalso brought him to the at
tention
of Prince Eugene of Savoy.
It was Oglethorpe's employment under Prince Eugene, where he adv
anced
from an obscure secretary to an aid-de-camp, that brought him in
to the
public spotlight. In contactwith the prince almost daily and
participating in almost all battles on theHungarian frontier (w
here
Eugene defeated an Ottoman army that was twice the size of his),
Oglethorpe rose to prominence among his peers. His return to Eng
land was
not glamorous. He ended up killing a man in a brawl and served f
ive
months in prison.
Upon leaving the prison he became a member Parliamentfrom Hasle
mere
(1722), where his father and two brothers had served. He would b
e
re-elected to successive terms for 32 years. During his servic
e in this
august body, Oglethorpe was a staunch defender of the rights o
f colonists
and strongly against any kind of slavery. Although copies of hi
s speeches
given inParliament are still available, they are not verbatim. R
eporters
(atthe time, people who would record speeches) were not allowe
d on the
floor.
Oglethorpe was noted as a philanthropist and for his benevolence
,
includinghelpingchildren and defending seamen against impressme
nt
(being forced intoserviceagainst one's will). It was his work o
n the
Prison Discipline Committee thatbrought him in contact with th
e idea of
creating a colony of debtorsin the New World. Proposed by a num
ber of
writers and in at least one book,the concept gained some accept
ance
before Oglethorpe became a driving forcein the group in 1728
. A friend
of Oglethorpe's died in Fleet Debtor's Prison after contractin
g smallpox.
This event would change Oglethorpe's life.
Oglethorpe, along with other famous military men on the Prison D
iscipline
Committee, like Admiral Edward Vernon and Field Marshal George W
ade, had
witnessed first-handthe atrocities of both the Fleet and Marshal
sea
Debtors Prisons.
A group of21 men (List of Georgia trustees), including Oglethorp
e and
Lord Percival, created a charter for the new colony named Georgi
a (in
honor ofKing George II). The Grant included all land between th
e
Altamaha and Savannah Rivers and from the Headwaters of these ri
vers to
the "south seas." The charter specifically prohibited any truste
e from
making money on the venture.Oglethorpe usedhis connections to m
ove the
Charter for the colony of Georgia quickly to theking, who signe
d it on
June 9, 1732. When time came to choose the men and women who wou
ld
establish the new colony none were from debtors prison because e
nough
non-debtor colonists were found.
Funds to pay for the trip across theAtlantic Ocean were raised
, some
even from the Parliament.Oglethorpe paid his own way. ToDay h
e referred
to as "resident trustee" bythe state of Georgia although he hel
d no
position either elected or appointed.
After putting ashore in South Carolina in January, 1733, James
Oglethorpe,William Bull (anengineer from Charles Town), Peter G
ordon
and a group of the militia left thecolonists and Headed south an