Daniel Don Louis Bigelow 1866–1954 – Whos Your Daddy? Wikigenealogy

Who's Your Daddy?
Wikigenealogy

Daniel Don Louis Bigelow, 1866–1954 (aged 88 years)

Name

Daniel Don Louis Bigelow

Name: Daniel Don Louis /Bigelow/
Surname: Bigelow
Given names: Daniel Don Louis

Sex Male

Date differences

Family with parents
father	Links Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA LDS baptism: 10 August 1850 LDS endowment: 7 March 1870 Unique identifier: 1ECCFCD06A601B4DBE07B7223FFEDCF392BD Unique identifier: 8CFD84EBE03B7E448D9079015A6FA18A60C7 Marriage: 9 April 1882 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Marriage: 9 May 1887 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA Burial: 24 October 1921 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: 24 May 1933 Unique identifier: B8FA1052D6D79A4FAA8CDEC7B526010E6FD1 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Clara Fredricka Ostensen Lafey Leroy Bigelow Lucy Lavina Bigelow Hyrum Harold Bigelow Ada Majora Bigelow Clara Caroline Bigelow Daniel Dewey Bigelow Family with spouse Permelia Mecham Daniel Don Louis Bigelow Permelia Emily Bigelow Willliam Cecil Bigelow Polly Adora Bigelow Emma May Bigelow Family with spouse Emmeline Augusta Stevens Daniel Bigelow 1842–1921 Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA
mother	Links Birth: 11 September 1832 24 19 — Delaware, Mercer County, Pa LDS endowment: 7 March 1870 Death: 10 June 1911 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut Burial: 11 June 1911 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut Unique identifier: 8CFD84EBE03B7E448D9079015A6FA18A60C7 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Daniel Bigelow Daniel Don Louis Bigelow Permelia Emily Bigelow Willliam Cecil Bigelow Polly Adora Bigelow Emma May Bigelow Permelia Mecham 1832–1911 Birth: 11 September 1832 24 19 — Delaware, Mercer County, Pa Death: 10 June 1911 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut
himself	Links Birth: 22 May 1866 24 33 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 11 July 1875 LDS confirmation: 11 July 1875 LDS endowment: 8 February 1882 Marriage: 29 April 1891 — Manti, Utah, USA LDS spouse sealing: 29 April 1891 Death: 5 July 1954 LDS child sealing: 14 December 1966 Unique identifier: 58C5C35E1FF7B647A5485809026C2E3E796A Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Anna Marie Boren Daniel Don Louis Bigelow 1866–1954 Birth: 22 May 1866 24 33 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 5 July 1954
16 months younger sister	Links Birth: 25 September 1867 25 35 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS endowment: 8 February 1882 LDS child sealing: 15 February 1882 Death: 2 March 1953 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Miles Marques Batty Permelia H. Batty Emily V. Batty Zina Batty Adora E. Batty May Batty Celestia Batty Marquis I Batty Mary B Batty Daniel V. Batty Albert D Batty Laura Batty Permelia Emily Bigelow 1867–1953 Birth: 25 September 1867 25 35 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 2 March 1953
23 months younger brother	Links Birth: 27 August 1869 27 36 Death: 15 April 1870 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: 15 February 1882 LDS baptism: LDS endowment: Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Willliam Cecil Bigelow 1869–1870 Birth: 27 August 1869 27 36 Death: 15 April 1870 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
18 months younger sister	Links Birth: 18 February 1871 28 38 — Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 27 June 1880 Marriage: 3 November 1893 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS endowment: 30 December 1919 Death: 30 March 1957 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Burial: 3 April 1957 — Wallsburg Cemetery, Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: Unique identifier: 5463499E9B0ED3408C725E51F09DB72E79E7 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Frank McKenzie Allred Daniel F. Allred Bessie Amberzine Allred Amelia Thressa Allred Adora Mae Allred Reed McKenzie Allred Emily Orel Allred Franklin Don Allred Polly Adora Bigelow 1871–1957 Birth: 18 February 1871 28 38 — Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 30 March 1957 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
3 years younger sister	Links Birth: 30 July 1873 31 40 — Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 18 January 1880 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: LDS baptism: LDS endowment: Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Emma May Bigelow 1873–1880 Birth: 30 July 1873 31 40 — Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 18 January 1880 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA

Father’s family with Clara Fredricka Ostensen
father	Links Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA LDS baptism: 10 August 1850 LDS endowment: 7 March 1870 Unique identifier: 1ECCFCD06A601B4DBE07B7223FFEDCF392BD Unique identifier: 8CFD84EBE03B7E448D9079015A6FA18A60C7 Marriage: 9 April 1882 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Marriage: 9 May 1887 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA Burial: 24 October 1921 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: 24 May 1933 Unique identifier: B8FA1052D6D79A4FAA8CDEC7B526010E6FD1 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Clara Fredricka Ostensen Lafey Leroy Bigelow Lucy Lavina Bigelow Hyrum Harold Bigelow Ada Majora Bigelow Clara Caroline Bigelow Daniel Dewey Bigelow Family with spouse Permelia Mecham Daniel Don Louis Bigelow Permelia Emily Bigelow Willliam Cecil Bigelow Polly Adora Bigelow Emma May Bigelow Family with spouse Emmeline Augusta Stevens Daniel Bigelow 1842–1921 Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA
stepmother	Links Birth: 1 March 1864 — Fairview, Sanpete, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 10 August 1873 LDS endowment: 1 December 1882 Marriage: 9 May 1887 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Death: 4 May 1949 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Burial: 7 May 1949 — Wallsburg Cemetery, Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Unique identifier: 1ECCFCD06A601B4DBE07B7223FFEDCF392BD Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Daniel Bigelow Lafey Leroy Bigelow Lucy Lavina Bigelow Hyrum Harold Bigelow Ada Majora Bigelow Clara Caroline Bigelow Daniel Dewey Bigelow Clara Fredricka Ostensen 1864–1949 Birth: 1 March 1864 — Fairview, Sanpete, Utah, USA Death: 4 May 1949 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Marriage	Marriage — 9 May 1887 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA
13 months half-brother	Links Birth: 27 May 1888 46 24 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 6 August 1896 Death: 15 May 1911 LDS endowment: 15 February 1922 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Lafey Leroy Bigelow 1888–1911 Birth: 27 May 1888 46 24 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 15 May 1911
20 months half-sister	Links Birth: 21 January 1890 47 25 — Provo, Ut., Utah, USA Marriage: 13 July 1908 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA Unique identifier: 03D371F71B8DAB40B8F5F921337B005DA30F Marriage: 10 December 1936 LDS endowment: 6 March 1941 LDS baptism: 2 January 1952 Death: 16 January 1977 — Bountiful, Davis, Utah, USA Unique identifier: 42828C227F430F499520D818A0EC8063A0D3 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Louis Fausett Family with spouse Family with spouse Cecil Edmunds Matthews Lucy Lavina Bigelow 1890–1977 Birth: 21 January 1890 47 25 — Provo, Ut., Utah, USA Death: 16 January 1977 — Bountiful, Davis, Utah, USA
4 years half-brother	Links Birth: 19 July 1893 51 29 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 1 August 1895 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Hyrum Harold Bigelow 1893–1895 Birth: 19 July 1893 51 29 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 1 August 1895 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
10 years half-sister	Links Birth: 11 January 1903 60 38 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 6 November 1986 — Redlands, Riverside, Ca., USA Burial: 11 November 1986 — Riverside National Cemetery, Riverside, Ca., USA Unique identifier: 19B24393E2F777479AB34F8A259481B74FC3 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Jesse Franklin Sorenson Ada Majora Bigelow 1903–1986 Birth: 11 January 1903 60 38 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 6 November 1986 — Redlands, Riverside, Ca., USA
-7 years half-sister	Links Birth: 16 December 1895 53 31 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 26 August 1905 LDS endowment: 28 October 1915 Death: 4 July 1967 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Clara Caroline Bigelow 1895–1967 Birth: 16 December 1895 53 31 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 4 July 1967
3 years half-brother	Links Birth: 17 July 1898 56 34 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 25 August 1906 LDS endowment: 27 February 1936 Death: 18 October 1948 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Daniel Dewey Bigelow 1898–1948 Birth: 17 July 1898 56 34 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 18 October 1948 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA

Father’s family with Emmeline Augusta Stevens
father	Links Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA LDS baptism: 10 August 1850 LDS endowment: 7 March 1870 Unique identifier: 1ECCFCD06A601B4DBE07B7223FFEDCF392BD Unique identifier: 8CFD84EBE03B7E448D9079015A6FA18A60C7 Marriage: 9 April 1882 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Marriage: 9 May 1887 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA Burial: 24 October 1921 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: 24 May 1933 Unique identifier: B8FA1052D6D79A4FAA8CDEC7B526010E6FD1 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Clara Fredricka Ostensen Lafey Leroy Bigelow Lucy Lavina Bigelow Hyrum Harold Bigelow Ada Majora Bigelow Clara Caroline Bigelow Daniel Dewey Bigelow Family with spouse Permelia Mecham Daniel Don Louis Bigelow Permelia Emily Bigelow Willliam Cecil Bigelow Polly Adora Bigelow Emma May Bigelow Family with spouse Emmeline Augusta Stevens Daniel Bigelow 1842–1921 Birth: 18 March 1842 57 32 — Camp Creek, Mercer, Illinois, USA Death: 22 October 1921 — Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA
stepmother	Links Marriage: 9 April 1882 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA Unique identifier: B8FA1052D6D79A4FAA8CDEC7B526010E6FD1 Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Daniel Bigelow Emmeline Augusta Stevens …–…
Marriage	Marriage — 9 April 1882 — Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA

Family with Anna Marie Boren
himself	Links Birth: 22 May 1866 24 33 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 11 July 1875 LDS confirmation: 11 July 1875 LDS endowment: 8 February 1882 Marriage: 29 April 1891 — Manti, Utah, USA LDS spouse sealing: 29 April 1891 Death: 5 July 1954 LDS child sealing: 14 December 1966 Unique identifier: 58C5C35E1FF7B647A5485809026C2E3E796A Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Anna Marie Boren Daniel Don Louis Bigelow 1866–1954 Birth: 22 May 1866 24 33 — Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 5 July 1954
wife	Links Birth: 24 October 1873 35 32 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS baptism: 18 September 1881 Marriage: 29 April 1891 — Manti, Utah, USA LDS endowment: 29 April 1891 LDS spouse sealing: 29 April 1891 Death: 5 January 1947 — Provo, Utah, Utah, USA Burial: 7 January 1947 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA LDS child sealing: Unique identifier: 58C5C35E1FF7B647A5485809026C2E3E796A Links Ancestors Compact tree Descendants Family book Fan chart Hourglass chart Interactive tree Pedigree Pedigree map Relationships Family with spouse Daniel Don Louis Bigelow Anna Marie Boren 1873–1947 Birth: 24 October 1873 35 32 — Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA Death: 5 January 1947 — Provo, Utah, Utah, USA
Marriage	Marriage — 29 April 1891 — Manti, Utah, USA

Events of close relatives
Birth	22 May 1866 24 33 Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a sister	Permelia Emily Bigelow 25 September 1867 Heber City, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a brother	Willliam Cecil Bigelow 27 August 1869
Death of a brother	Willliam Cecil Bigelow 15 April 1870 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a sister	Polly Adora Bigelow 18 February 1871 Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a sister	Emma May Bigelow 30 July 1873 Wasatch, Utah, USA
LDS baptism	11 July 1875 (aged 9 years)
LDS confirmation	11 July 1875 (aged 9 years)
Death of a sister	Emma May Bigelow 18 January 1880 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
LDS endowment	8 February 1882 (aged 15 years)
Marriage of a parent	Daniel Bigelow — Emmeline Augusta Stevens — View this family 9 April 1882 Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA
Marriage of a parent	Daniel Bigelow — Clara Fredricka Ostensen — View this family 9 May 1887 Salt Lake City, Salt Lake City, Ut., USA
Death of a paternal grandmother	Mary Gibbs 19 April 1888 St George, Washington, Utah, USA
Birth of a half-brother	Lafey Leroy Bigelow 27 May 1888 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a half-sister	Lucy Lavina Bigelow 21 January 1890 Provo, Ut., Utah, USA
Marriage	Anna Marie Boren — View this family 29 April 1891 (aged 24 years) Manti, Utah, USA
LDS spouse sealing	Anna Marie Boren — View this family 29 April 1891 (aged 24 years) Temple: Manti, Utah, United States
Death of a maternal grandfather	Ephraim Mecham 6 July 1891 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah
Burial of a maternal grandfather	Ephraim Mecham about 9 July 1891 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut
Birth of a half-brother	Hyrum Harold Bigelow 19 July 1893 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a half-brother	Hyrum Harold Bigelow 1 August 1895 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a half-sister	Clara Caroline Bigelow 16 December 1895 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a half-brother	Daniel Dewey Bigelow 17 July 1898 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a maternal grandmother	Polly Derby 1 December 1898 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Burial of a maternal grandmother	Polly Derby about 4 December 1898 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Birth of a half-sister	Ada Majora Bigelow 11 January 1903 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a half-brother	Lafey Leroy Bigelow 15 May 1911
Death of a mother	Permelia Mecham 10 June 1911 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut
Burial of a mother	Permelia Mecham 11 June 1911 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Ut
Death of a father	Daniel Bigelow 22 October 1921 Vernal, Uintah County, Utah, USAah, USA
Burial of a father	Daniel Bigelow 24 October 1921 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a wife	Anna Marie Boren 5 January 1947 Provo, Utah, Utah, USA
Burial of a wife	Anna Marie Boren 7 January 1947 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a half-brother	Daniel Dewey Bigelow 18 October 1948 Wallsburg, Wasatch, Utah, USA
Death of a sister	Permelia Emily Bigelow 2 March 1953
Death	5 July 1954 (aged 88 years)
LDS child sealing	14 December 1966 (12 years after death) Parents: Daniel Bigelow + Permelia Mecham
Unique identifier	A35F1408FA7AE54488F3C0DC439EF73EE850
Last change	12 May 2003 – 00:00:00

Show all notes
Note	from "How Beautiful Upon the Mountains" Centennial History of Wa satch County,compiled and edited by Wm. James Mortimer. Publis hed by Wasatch County Chapter of DUP Daniel Don Louis Bigelow was born at Heber City, May 22 1866 t o Daniel and Parmelia Mecham Bigelow, who had been advised to g o there because of an Indian scare. He was baptized a member o f the LDS Church July 11, 1875,by Daniel Bigelow and confirme d by William E. Nuttall. On April 29, 1891, he was married to A nnie Maria Boren in the Manti Temple by anthony H. Lund. Anni e Maria was born in Wallsburg, October 24, 1873, to William Jasp er and Lucina Mecham Boren. She died at Provo, Utah, January 5 , 1947. Daniel (Don)died there July 4, 1954. Both are burie d in Wallsburg Utah. After the Indian scare the Bigelow family moved to provo for awh ile. The father had a swamill in Provo Canyon and Don worked th ere several years. During the winter heattended Brigham Youn g Academy in Provo. Annie Maria obtained what education she cou ld. He was called on a mission to the Central States in 1902, but wa s called home after nine months because of his wife's heart trou ble. In 1911 he was called to serve in the Southern States an d was sent to the same place he served in 1902. While her husba nd was gone she worked and supported him and the children. An d although her health was not good, she continued onin the wor k of the Lord. When Don returned from his mission he took up farming continuin g until he retired in 1939. After that they spent their lives w orking in the Salt Lake and St. George Temples He loved to read and his recreation was fishing and dancing, whi ch he enjoyed very much. She was gifted inwriting poetry and h ad a poem for every occasion. Her last and greatest work was t o write her life's history in poetry form. She finished this an d gave each of her children a copy for a Christmas gift just bef ore she died. Her life was spent in giving service to others. She was a goo d wife, mother and friend, oved and respected by all. Their children were: Annie Adora, Ida, Eva, Don Ervin, Elva, Flo rallia, William Wells, John Alton, Emily May, Winona and Okie.

Show all notes

Note

from "How Beautiful Upon the Mountains" Centennial History of Wa
satch County,compiled and edited by Wm. James Mortimer. Publis
hed by Wasatch County Chapter of DUP
Daniel Don Louis Bigelow was born at Heber City, May 22 1866 t
o Daniel and Parmelia Mecham Bigelow, who had been advised to g
o there because of an Indian scare. He was baptized a member o
f the LDS Church July 11, 1875,by Daniel Bigelow and confirme
d by William E. Nuttall. On April 29, 1891, he was married to A
nnie Maria Boren in the Manti Temple by anthony H. Lund. Anni
e Maria was born in Wallsburg, October 24, 1873, to William Jasp
er and Lucina Mecham Boren. She died at Provo, Utah, January 5
, 1947. Daniel (Don)died there July 4, 1954. Both are burie
d in Wallsburg Utah.
After the Indian scare the Bigelow family moved to provo for awh
ile. The father had a swamill in Provo Canyon and Don worked th
ere several years. During the winter heattended Brigham Youn
g Academy in Provo. Annie Maria obtained what education she cou
ld.
He was called on a mission to the Central States in 1902, but wa
s called home after nine months because of his wife's heart trou
ble. In 1911 he was called to serve in the Southern States an
d was sent to the same place he served in 1902. While her husba
nd was gone she worked and supported him and the children. An
d although her health was not good, she continued onin the wor
k of the Lord.
When Don returned from his mission he took up farming continuin
g until he retired in 1939. After that they spent their lives w
orking in the Salt Lake and St. George Temples
He loved to read and his recreation was fishing and dancing, whi
ch he enjoyed very much. She was gifted inwriting poetry and h
ad a poem for every occasion. Her last and greatest work was t
o write her life's history in poetry form. She finished this an
d gave each of her children a copy for a Christmas gift just bef
ore she died.
Her life was spent in giving service to others. She was a goo
d wife, mother and friend, oved and respected by all.
Their children were: Annie Adora, Ida, Eva, Don Ervin, Elva, Flo
rallia, William Wells, John Alton, Emily May, Winona and Okie.