The Children of Adam and Eve

The nickname "The Lion" was accorded to him after his death and may have been due either to his valour and strenth or to the heraldic symbold which he adopted - the lion rampant. He attepted torecover land in Northumberland in 1174 but wasdefeated and captured at theBattle of Alnwich. Edward was forced to swear allegiance to King Henry II ofEngland which lasted until Henry's death in 1189. He failed to assert his authority over the south-west of Scotland and over MacDougallLords of Lorne or MacDonald Lords of the Isles. He married Ermengarde de Beaumont who borehim a son (Alexander II) and three daughters (all of whom married English nobles.)

After a quarrel with King Henry II of England, William concluded an alliance between Scotland and France in 1168. In 1173, with King Louis VII of France, he aided Henry's sons in their unsuccessful rebellion against their father. William invadedNorthumberland, and the next year, while raiding the countryside near Alnwick, he was captured by the English, who took him to Normandy. He was able to obtain his fReedom only by assenting to the Treaty of Falaise, which acknowledged Henry asoverLord of Scotland. In 1188 William secured a papal Bull guaranteeing the independence of the Scottish Church from that of England, and in 1189 Henry's son Richard, who had succeeded him as king, annulled the Treaty of Falaise, surrenderingall claims to suzerainty over Scotland in return for a large payment. William was succeeded by his son, Alexander II.